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| A Frank Statement to Cigarette Smokers ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
A Frank Statement
(詳細はadvertisement run by major American tobacco companies on January 4, 1954 in response to a study showing that cigarette tar caused cancerous tumors on mouse skin.〔(Daily Doc: TI, Jan 4, 1954: The 'Frank Statement' of 1954 ). Tobacco.org. 30 September 2000. Accessed 17 July 2009.〕 The advertisement ran in more than 400 newspapers throughout the U.S. aimed at an estimated 43 million people. It was the first in a campaign to dispute reports that smoking cigarettes could cause lung cancer and had other dangerous health effects.〔
The public relations firm Hill & Knowlton created the advertisement after a meeting in New York late in 1953 between them and Paul Hahn (head of American Tobacco) and other tobacco executives. The tobacco industry followed it with other advertisements expressing doubt about scientific research linking disease and smoking.
==Historical context==
Reports of a link between tobacco and lung cancer had emerged as early as 1912, although until the 1950s, the evidence was circumstantial. In the early 1950s, Richard Doll released the results of the British Doctors Study which showed a 20-fold increase in lung cancer susceptibility in smokers. In 1953, an animal study by Ernst Wynder found that tobacco tar was carcinogenic when applied to the skin of mice. The increased evidence that tobacco causes cancer was covered in the ''Reader's Digest'' article, ''Cancer by the carton''.〔 This article provoked a health scare, resulting in a small drop in consumption, and a fall in stock prices. In this context, some tobacco industry executives, led by Paul Hahn, head of American Tobacco, met with Hill & Knowlton, who created ''A Frank Statement''.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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